Why quinoa is gluten free
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudocereal — botanically a seed, related to spinach and beets, not the grass family that includes gluten-containing grains. It contains no gluten, gliadin, secalin, or hordein.
Cross-contamination risk
Like oats, quinoa is sometimes grown, transported, or packaged in facilities that handle wheat. A 2014 study found measurable gluten in approximately 30% of “natural” (uncertified) quinoa samples from bulk bins and budget brands. Certified GF quinoa is tested at under 20 ppm and is the safe choice for celiacs.
Top certified GF quinoa brands
- Ancient Harvest (GFCO certified)
- Bob’s Red Mill (GFCO certified)
- Lundberg Family Farms (certified, dedicated facility)
- Eden Foods
- Trader Joe’s Organic Quinoa (GFCO certified)
- Costco Kirkland Organic Quinoa (GFCO certified)
The quinoa-celiac reaction question
A small 2012 study at Columbia University tested 15 varieties of quinoa and found that 4 contained prolamins (gluten-like proteins) that mildly activated celiac immune cells in vitro. Most celiacs tolerate quinoa fine in real-world studies, but if you have ongoing symptoms despite a strict GF diet and eat quinoa regularly, try a 30-day elimination.
How to cook quinoa
- Rinse in a fine-mesh sieve under cold water for 30 seconds to remove the bitter saponin coating.
- 1 cup quinoa to 2 cups water/broth.
- Bring to a boil, reduce to simmer, cover for 15 minutes.
- Off heat, let stand covered 5 more minutes. Fluff with a fork.
- In Vitro Gliadin Challenge: Diagnostic Accuracy of Quinoa — American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2012)
- Quinoa Gluten Cross-Contamination Study — Journal of AOAC International (2014)